- Title
- The role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human evidence
- Creator
- Jackson, Jacklyn K.; Patterson, Amanda J.; MacDonald-Wicks, Lesley K.; Oldmeadow, Christopher; McEvoy, Mark A.
- Relation
- Nutrition Reviews Vol. 76, Issue 5, p. 348-371
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy005
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2018
- Description
- Context: Depleted nitric oxide levels in the human body play a major role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Inorganic nitrate/nitrite (rich dietary sources include beetroot and spinach) can act as a nitric oxide donor because nitrate/nitrite can be metabolized to produce nitric oxide. Objective: This review and meta-analysis sought to investigate the role of inorganic nitrate/nitrite in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease risk factors in humans. Data Sources: Electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and Scopus, were searched. Data Extraction: Experimental trials examining the effect of oral inorganic nitrate/nitrite intake on cardiovascular disease risk factors were included for systematic analysis. Results: Thirty-four studies were included for qualitative synthesis, 23 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Included studies measured the following outcomes: blood pressure, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, platelet aggregation, and/or blood lipids. Inorganic nitrate intake was found to significantly reduce resting blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: −4.80 mmHg, P < 0.0001; diastolic blood pressure: −1.74 mmHg, P = 0.001), improve endothelial function (flow-mediated dilatation: 0.59%, P < 0.0001), reduce arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity: −0.23 m/s, P < 0.0001; augmentation index: −2.1%, P = 0.05), and reduce platelet aggregation by 18.9% (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Inorganic nitrate consumption represents a simple strategy for targeting cardiovascular disease risk factors. Future studies investigating the long-term effects of inorganic nitrate on cardiovascular disease outcomes are warranted.
- Subject
- blood pressure; cardiovascular disease; nitrate; nitrite; systematic review
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1392419
- Identifier
- uon:33397
- Identifier
- ISSN:0029-6643
- Rights
- This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in the Nutrition Reviews following peer review. The version of the above record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy005
- Language
- eng
- Full Text
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